Loukopoulos, Panayiotis Λουκόπουλος, Παναγιώτης Ioannou, I. Dovas, C.I. Psychas, V. Konstantinou, P. Georgiadou, S. Apostolidi, E. Kaldrymidou, E. Giadinis, N.D. Ιωάννου, Ιωάννης Δόβας, Χρυσόστομος Ψύχας, Β. Κωνσταντίνου, Π. Γεωργιάδου, Σ. Αποστολίδη, Ευαγγελία Καλδρυμίδου, Ελένη Γιαδίνης, Νεκτάριος Δ. Enzootic nasal tumour of sheep and goats in Cyprus and Greece. Introduction. The enzootic nasal tumour (ENT) of sheep and goats arises from the ethmoid turbinate following infection by exogenous retroviruses ENTV -1 and -2, respectively, and is usually classified as an adenoma or low grade adenocarcinoma. The geographical distribution of the disease is believed to be wide but has not been studied comprehensively. Materials and Methods. 42 tumours of sheep were examined, 17 of which were from Cyprus and 25 from Greece, the first of which were initially diagnosed in 1996 and 1991 respectively. Tumours of goats that were included in the study were retrieved from the archives or were recruited as part of an ongoing prospective study. 54 goat ENTs were examined, the first of which was initially examined in 1984. The tumours were examined grossly and microscopically and a selected number of tumour samples was analysed using PCR and sequencing. Results. The sheep ENTs originated from two regions in Cyprus (Larnaca and Paphos) and from north Greece. Although no metastases were observed, most Cypriot sheep tumours were locally aggressive carcinomas, with 14/17 presenting with exophthalmos, while the Greek cases presented a wider range of lesions, in two cases presenting as hyperplasia/dysplasia and were overall of lower grade. The goat ENTs originated from north and central Greece, but were absent in Cyprus. A small number of goat ENTs was locally aggressive. Histologically, most cases were low grade adenocarcinomas. PCR detected ENTV-1 and -2 proviral DNA within the sheep and goat tumours examined, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering of the goat isolates with the ENTV -2 prototypes in branches distinct from the sheep isolates as well as ENTV-1, JSRV and SERV representatives. Conclusions. ENT of sheep is present and appears to have widespread geographical distribution in Cyprus and Greece. ENT cases from Cyprus appear to be of markedly higher grade. The disease in goats is widespread in Greece but absent in Cyprus. Further examination and monitoring of the disease status is warranted. eng

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